Total 24 quality assurance control job vacancies in plymouth pl1 3qq

Acorn by Synergie is looking for a Stores Controller on behalf of their client, a Manufacturing Site in Plymouth.

Controller will be responsible for:

1) day-to-day picking materials
2) feeding material to production lines operations of the stores goods inwards and dispatch area

The role will primarily be 5 days (on shift 11:00am-7:00pm) however requires a candidate to be flexible. Role requires to cover sickness and holidays for shifts
(6am-2pm & 8am-4pm) Working week is Monday to Friday

Responsibilities:

* Responsible for kitting Batches and feeding production areas, both inside the clean rooms and packing lines.
* Moving stock and recording actions on picking list (and ERP system once fully trained).
* Control and record movements of direct & indirect store materials & finished goods as per AMS procedures.
* Responsible for receipting goods inwards and making ready finished product for dispatching.
* Deliveries & dispatch - loading & unloading of lorries, wrapping, and strapping pallets.
* Cycle counts and inventory stock checking.
* Responsible for keeping stores / goods inwards / dispatch areas tidy.
* Foster a continuous improvement philosophy.
* Any other reasonable requirement as required to meet the business objectives.
* Provide cover during holidays / sickness.

What we're looking for?

* Experience in supply chain, manufacturing, or a warehouse.
* Understanding of ERP systems and FEFO.
* Forklift licence (beneficial not a necessity)
* Working knowledge of risk assessments and working to standard practices.
* Excellent communication skills.
* Strong attention to detail.
* Strong IT skills.

Apply today!

Acorn by Synergie acts as an employment agency for permanent recruitment.

Proud member of the Disability Confident employer scheme

Job Title: Customer Assurance Assistant
Salary: £14.06 P/H PAYE Inclusive of Holiday Pay | £16.17 P/H LTD Umbrella
Hours: 37 Hours Per week
Type: Temporary Ongoing
Location: Plymouth, PL6
Start Date: ASAP
Work Pattern: Monday - Friday

We are seeking a motivated and detail-oriented Customer Assurance Assistant to join our client's Customer Experience and Assurance Team. This role is crucial in transforming customer service and ensuring high-quality support within the organization.
Key Duties and Responsibilities:

• Accurately record all customer contact, including complaints, compliments, and Councillor/MP enquiries, and forward them to the appropriate Investigating Officer.
• Monitor responses to customer contact, ensuring all communication between the organization and the customer is properly recorded, and targets are met.
• Perform complaint satisfaction surveys to enhance the customer experience, providing valuable feedback for service improvements.
• Assist in the coordination and delivery of staff training on service delivery developments within the team.
• Provide excellent customer service both face-to-face and over the phone, handling a variety of enquiries from internal and external stakeholders.
• Ensure accuracy in completing Excel spreadsheets and collating information.
• Handle multiple tasks efficiently in a fast-paced reception area, ensuring flexibility to meet the demands of a busy environment.

Qualifications and Experience:

• Proven experience in an office environment, ideally in a customer service role.
• Strong written and verbal communication skills.
• Proficiency in Microsoft Office, particularly Excel, Word, and Outlook.
• Experience in maintaining accurate records and working with spreadsheets.
• Demonstrated ability to multitask and prioritize in a busy reception or customer service setting.

If you require any additional information regarding the position, please call David at Service Care Solutions on 01772 208 966 or send an E-Mail to david.jones@servicecare.org.uk

Quality Administrator

Immediate start
Temporary until end of December
Monday to Friday 0800-1600
£12.00 per hour, based in the Roborough area

Job Duties:

* Assisting the team with all general administrative duties as required.
* Electronic filing, scanning, data entry, monitoring emails along with preparing letters
* Inputting data on to excel spreadsheets, data collection, tracking costs

Candidates will need to ideally come from a manufacturing administration background excellent IT skills, good attention to detail have administration experience, candidates will need to be organised and willing to learn new skills .


If you are the right person for this role click apply now or call the Acorn Plymouth office to discuss further

Acorn by Synergie acts as an employment business for the supply of temporary workers.

Proud member of the Disability Confident employer scheme

Recycling sorters required for a large factory in Hinckley.

Full flexibility with hours is essential. Some weeks can be 2 shifts, others 5.

We are currently seeking recycling operatives to support our client in ensuring materials are sorted correctly.

Your daily tasks will include:

- Sorting cardboard, wood, metal and plastics into the correct sections
- Unloading recycling from roller-cages to be organised
- General yard upkeep duties.


We require applicants for this role to be comfortable with physical/lifting work and lived locally to Hinckley.

This role offers ongoing work with an immediate start.

Days of work are 07:30-16:00 Monday to Friday.

Applicants are required to be flexible as some weeks are part time, other are Monday to Friday.

In this role, you will earn an hourly rate of £11.44.

This will increase to £15.63 when 40+ hours are completed in a week.

We do not provide visa sponsorships.

RECYCLING STAFF NEEDED!

Full flexibility with hours is essential. Some weeks can be 2 shifts, others 5.

We are currently seeking recycling operatives to support our client in ensuring materials are sorted correctly.

Your daily tasks will include:

- Sorting cardboard, wood, metal and plastics into the correct sections
- Unloading recycling from roller-cages to be organised
- General yard upkeep duties.


For this role, we require applicants for this role to be comfortable with physical/lifting work and lived locally to Hinckley.

THIS ROLE OFFERS ONGOING WORK!

You will be working 07:30-16:00, Monday to Friday.

Applicants are required to be flexible as some weeks are part time, other are Monday to Friday.

In this role, you will earn an hourly rate of £11.44.

This will increase to £15.63 when 40+ hours are completed in a week.

We do not provide visa sponsorships.

JOB TITLE: Site Quality Engineer

INDUSTRY: Building and Construction

START DATE: ASAP

SALARY BAND: £30,000-35,000

LOCATION: Plymouth

Site Quality Engineer required to Join our clients project in Plymouth. A Site Quality Engineer will deliver ITP and QMP for the areas of work below:- Review signed ITP Actions for each work package within the project Transpose actions to program dates required and relay to site team. Maintain and progress dates of actions to team office site boards. Closely liaise with the Site & Project Managers the above actions from the Organise and communicate with MSC, VSL &Babcock TA's site team, and with client team sign off Hold Points, Actions Document Reviews, and any ITP Interventions.

Experience & Position Requirements:

The Quality Engineer position requires someone with 5 years' experience of this type of role, preferably with a quality qualification and have worked within an MoD or nuclear environment, of handling the full scope of quality documentation for Quality Plans, ITPs and LTQR documentation within a project. BPSS clearance will be required initially. The applicant must be a British National and capable of obtaining SC clearance.

Qualifications, training and technical knowledge

• Trained Internal or Lead Auditor to ISO 9001
• Have a wide understanding of the industry, including knowledge of materials, trades, methods and legal requirements. Excellent working knowledge of industry techniques
• Good knowledge of relevant Health, Safety & Environmental requirements Some knowledge of risk management

Building and Construction Building and Construction handyman (m/f)

Would you like to work for a global market leader in Plymouth?

Do you come from a manufacturing background in quality?

Would you like to earn a basic of up to £45,000 per annum, plus a monthly bonus of up to 10% and overtime

If so then please read on!

Quality Engineer

If you're an experienced and passionate Quality Engineer with an enthusiasm for validating products and processes and a desire to help keep their manufacturing plant running smoothly, then this is the opportunity for you!

Acorn by Synergie is currently seeking a Quality Engineer on behalf of their client to join their team in Plymouth and hit the ground running. They are in need of someone with experience in electronic components who is eager to get to grips with the manufacturing facility and who has a flair for problem solving and root cause analysis.

They are looking for a Quality Engineer who's looking for a fresh challenge and who can bring experience in product and process validation, who's not afraid of a bit of legwork, and who's up for the challenge of introducing new products to the system and keeping track of progress.

As part of the Quality team, you'll be responsible for validating processes before they are put in place within the manufacturing operation, testing out electronics components and ensuring they are up to scratch, and actively performing periodic internal and external audits.

You'll need to be able to assess situations thoughtfully and quickly, and you should have strong communication skills so that you can liaise between the engineering and manufacturing departments

The client offers a competitive salary with ample bonuses and benefits, and the chance to grow and progress your career in the manufacturing and engineering industry.

• 25 days holiday plus bank holidays
• Monthly bonus
• Relocation Package
• Reward and recognition opportunities
• Subsidised canteen
• Private Health Scheme
• On site parking

If you would like to find out more please APPLY!

Acorn by Synergie acts as an employment agency for permanent recruitment.

Proud member of the Disability Confident employer scheme

General admin: Answering the telephone, responding to emails, photocopying, stationery ordering and monitoring, organising meetings. Organising team diaries, including the Director of Improvements. Support the Improvement Facilitator with the coordination of Team Away days. Administer the teams WhatsApp group. Manage the teams shared mailbox. Manage the bookings for the ground floor meeting room. Support the Improvement Facilitator with the 6S methodology management within the Quality Academy office. Electronic systems: Accessing and updating of information via the internal NHS systems. Improvement, Marketing and Communications: Support the Improvement Facilitator with the coordination and planning of the People First training programmes that the team deliver including tasks such as; room bookings, organising refreshments, preparing packs and resources. Support the whole process of designing, creating, printing and distribution of engagement & marketing/ promotional literature including the teams Lightbulb Moments Newsletter and People First posters. Support the use of social media accounts accurately and creatively using inviting language and work with the wider team to identify stories to publicise. Support the development & increase participation of online engagement (Twitter, Microsoft Teams, Zoom, Webinars, YouTube, and the team webpage). Support the smooth running of the Quality Academy monthly People First virtual Report Out session assisting the Improvement Facilitator with coordination of the sessions as well as the sharing of slides during and sharing the recording of the session on the team YouTube account afterwards. Support completing the feedback loop, using analytical skills to conduct post-event follow-up, reporting and analysis to measure effectiveness of the services that the wider team deliver. To provide support in ensuring that the department complies with all Trust policies & in monitoring compliance across the directorate, as a whole. These duties to include the (but not exclusively) the following duties: Administration of the sickness/absence/ annual leave records. Ensure that risks are managed in accordance with Trust procedures. Ensure that all personnel files are managed in accordance with Trust procedures. Continuing Development To maintain personal and professional development to meet the changing demands of the post this may require undertaking qualifications that are not already specified. To keep knowledge current on relevant Acts and Trust policies in relation to Data Protection, Confidentiality, Freedom of Information, etc Any other duties as required by the Department Standard Work Development To support the development and implementation of office Standard Work to help ensure all Quality Academy colleagues are executing tasks following the same rules and processes. Support the wider team with the development and distribution of Standard Work to assist teams across the wider Trust when required.

Quality Technician - Plymouth

Lates - up to £30,278 per annum plus 25% shift allowance plus circa 10% monthly bonus and overtime

Do you have what it takes to ensure quality at its finest? Are you an experienced Quality Technician with a passion for problem solving? Are you awesome at building strong relationships with colleagues?

If so, we have an incredible opportunity for you!

Acorn by Synergie is looking for an experienced Quality Technician to join their client's team at a busy manufacturing plant in Plymouth.

You'll be responsible for ensuring the quality of products, driving continuous improvement and managing customer complaints. A quality-focused individual, your daily and weekly audits of production will ensure all standards are met. You'll also be carrying out measuring capabilities, making suggestions for improvement and ensuring relevant corrective action is taken.

You'll be leading the quality training program, managing purchase requisitions and ensuring internal complaints are resolved. No two days will be alike in this diverse role.

Benefits package:

• 25 days holiday plus bank holidays
• Pension scheme
• Life Assurance
• Health Scheme
• Subsidised canteen
• Recognition and reward program
• On site parking

If this sounds like you, please email your CV!

We look forward to hearing from you!

Acorn by Synergie acts as an employment agency for permanent recruitment.

Proud member of the Disability Confident employer scheme

Would you like to work for a global market leader in Plymouth?

Do you come from a manufacturing background in quality?

Would you like to earn a basic of up to £45,000 per annum, plus a monthly bonus of up to 10% and overtime

If so then please read on!

Quality Engineer

If you're an experienced and passionate Quality Engineer with an enthusiasm for validating products and processes and a desire to help keep their manufacturing plant running smoothly, then this is the opportunity for you!

Acorn by Synergie is currently seeking a Quality Engineer on behalf of their client to join their team in Plymouth and hit the ground running. They are in need of someone with experience in electronic components who is eager to get to grips with the manufacturing facility and who has a flair for problem solving and root cause analysis.

They are looking for a Quality Engineer who's looking for a fresh challenge and who can bring experience in product and process validation, who's not afraid of a bit of legwork, and who's up for the challenge of introducing new products to the system and keeping track of progress.

As part of the Quality team, you'll be responsible for validating processes before they are put in place within the manufacturing operation, testing out electronics components and ensuring they are up to scratch, and actively performing periodic internal and external audits.

You'll need to be able to assess situations thoughtfully and quickly, and you should have strong communication skills so that you can liaise between the engineering and manufacturing departments

The client offers a competitive salary with ample bonuses and benefits, and the chance to grow and progress your career in the manufacturing and engineering industry.

• 25 days holiday plus bank holidays
• Monthly bonus
• Relocation Package
• Reward and recognition opportunities
• Subsidised canteen
• Private Health Scheme
• On site parking

If you would like to find out more please APPLY!

Acorn by Synergie acts as an employment agency for permanent recruitment.

Proud member of the Disability Confident employer scheme

We are looking for hard-working and reliable candidates to work for a thriving company based in Hinckley.
Your daily tasks will include working in the yard organising cardboard, metal, wood and other recycling materials into the correct section.
Apply today or call us on 01455 320555 to discuss this opportunity further.

We ask that all applicants for this role are happy with physical/lifting work and live locally to Hinckley.

No previous experience is needed as full training is provided.

This position is ongoing.

Applicants are required to be a little flexible as some weeks are part time, other are Monday to Friday.

The working hours for this position are Monday to Friday
07:30 - 16:00

This role pays £11.44 per hour.

This will increase to £15.63 when 40+ hours are completed in a week.

Job Title: Senior Quality Assurance Engineer
Location: Plymouth, Devon
Compensation: £49,943 - £61,003 (Pro Rata)
Role Type: Fixed Term Contract (6 Months)
Role ID: SF57645

At Babcock we're working to create a safe and secure world, together, and if you join us, you can play your part as a Senior Quality Assurance Engineer at our Devonport site.

The Role
As a Senior Quality Assurance Engineer, you'll have a role that's out of the ordinary. You'll be responsible for ensuring quality relating to the production of bespoke military vehicles.

Day-to-day, you'll be responsible for providing assurance at all levels of the business that the quality management system and associated policies and processes have been effectively implemented.

• Responsible for maintaining the audit programme including all internal, external and joint audits
• Produce quality assurance reports as required by the project
• Provide support to all business functions in creating and maintaining self assessment calendars and checklists
• Reacting to events that present engineering, quality or output risk
• Support root cause analysis and facilitating quality working groups

This role is full time, 37.5 hours per and provides hybrid working arrangements

Agile working may be available to employees in some instances, applying the principles of fairness and consistency whilst ensuring that the overriding business needs can be appropriately met. We are happy to consider flexible, blended working, including part-time, condensed hours, and job sharing.

Experience Required of the Senior Quality Assurance Engineer

• Demonstrated audit experience
• Demonstrable experience in quality control, evaluation and improvement
• Ability to lead problem solving activities utilising industry standard methodologies
• Practical knowledge of quality management standards including ISO9001

Qualifications for the Senior Quality Assurance Engineer

• Educated to Level 2 or above
• Lead Auditor qualification beneficial but not essential

Security Clearance
The successful candidate must be able to achieve and maintain Security Check (SC)

Many of the positions within our company are subject to national security clearance and Trade Control restrictions. This means that your eligibility for certain roles may be affected by your place of birth, nationality, current or former citizenship, and any residency you hold or have held.

What we offer

• Generous holiday allowance
• Matched contribution pension scheme, with life assurance
• Employee share scheme
• Employee shopping savings portal
• Payment of Professional Fees
• Reservists in the armed forces receive 10-days special paid leave
• Holiday Trading is a benefit that allows the majority of employees to buy additional leave or to sell up to one working week of annual leave from their annual entitlement
• 'Be Kind Day' enables employees to take one working day's paid leave a year (or equivalent hours) to undertake volunteering work with their chosen organisation or registered charity
• Flexible working - we give people more options to better integrate their work and personal life, whilst ensuring that business needs are met.

Babcock International
For over a century Babcock has helped to defend nations, protect communities and build a better world. To continue, we must adapt, advance and be a sustainable business with a shared goal.

We are a disability confident committed employer. If you have a disability or need any reasonable adjustments during the application and selection stages, please email with the subject header 'Reasonable adjustments requirement'. We're committed to building an inclusive culture where everyone's free to thrive. We are happy to talk about flexible working - please ask about alternative patterns of work at interview.

Proud member of the Disability Confident employer scheme

As a Quality Administrator at Care Fertility, you will be responsible for providing administrative support that makes sure our quality management system is effective in helping us continuously improve. This role is key in ensuring that everyone attending a Care Fertility clinic has the best possible chance of having the family of their dreams in the safest possible environment. You will be a confident administrator and communicator able to work with a diverse group of talented healthcare professionals. As a member of the Care Fertility Family, you will carry out your role in a way that supports and delivers our shared values. You are caring, patient focused and committed to do your best. Role accountabilities and duties: Specific Duties/ Responsibilities Keep Care Fertilitys Datix system updated ensuring all relevant incidents, complaints and audits are logged and progress and actions for improvement are documented and completed. Analyse data from DATIX to identify trends and assist with the drafting of reports. Meet with and gather information from patients and staff of all levels of seniority to ensure those affected by or involved in an incident or complaint have an opportunity to contribute to improvements. Support the delivery of Care Fertilitys audit programme; complaints management, and; preparation of information for submission to regulators and commissioners. Organise and document local clinical governance meetings. Advice and information provision Become familiar with the regulatory frameworks relevant to Care Fertility Systems and digital processes Become familiar with finding information on Care Fertilitys patient database and follow all relevant supporting system pathways to ensure accurate record keeping and efficient and safe processes. Use Microsoft Outlook to communicate effectively with colleagues and be confident in the use of Excel. Teamwork and collaboration Work collaboratively and build trusted relationships. Communicate in an engaging way to build relationships and drive change. Actively participate in team meetings being confident to suggest ideas for improvement. Treat everyone fairly and equally and encourage and embrace diversity within the team. Governance and safety Ensure that all processes are followed in accordance with relevant standard operating procedures. Maintain accurate and timely records. Ensure compliance with the HFEA Code of Practice and other regulatory frameworks. Follow infection prevention and control policies. Comply with Health and Safety policies and reporting requirements. Confidentiality and data Maintain a high level of confidentiality at all times in accordance with the HFEA Code of Practice and Care Fertilitys standard operating procedures. Handle patient data responsibly adhering to Care Fertilitys data protection and information governance policies. Adhere to the principles of the General Data Protection Regulation 2016 and Data Protection Act 2018. Maintain knowledge and develop professionally Actively participate in the Personal Development Review process and competency assessment processes. Challenge yourself to develop further. Take ownership of your learning and skill development and engage with the induction, training and mandatory learning opportunities available. Job revision The key accountabilities, responsibilities and duties of the role are inclusive but not limited to the detail included in this job description. Role requirements continually evolve. It is the practice of this Care Fertility Group Limited to periodically examine an employee's job descriptions and to update it to ensure that that it represents the role that is being performed. The process of role review is jointly conducted by each manager in consultation with the employee. We will strive to reach agreement to implement reasonable changes, but if agreement is not possible management reserves the right to mandate changes to the job description commensurate with the employees level in the organisation following consultation.

Job Title: Quality Practitioner
Location: Plymouth, Devon
Compensation: £36,620 + Benefits
Role Type: Full time / Permanent
Role ID: SF57325

At Babcock we're working to create a safe and secure world, together, and if you join us, you can play your part as a Quality Practitioner at our Devonport Royal Dockyard site.

The role
As a Quality Practitioner, you'll have a role that's out of the ordinary. You'll provide quality assurance support so that products that are destined for submarine and strategic infrastructure projects are fit for purpose.
Day-to-day, you'll
Inspect all identified safety critical items ensuring that the supporting documentation meets the requirements and can be cross referenced to the components
Manage the receipt and filing of safety critical items supporting documentation
Raise discrepancies for safety critical items that fail to meet the correct requirements
Support supplier visits and perform receipt inspection activities at the suppliers premises

This role is full time, 35 hours per week and is based on site at Devonport Royal Dockyard.

Essential experience of the Quality Practitioner

• Engineering experience
• Experience of using systems such as IFS, Common Data Management System (CDMS) and Defense Data Repository System (DDRS)
• Experience in Microsoft Office, specifically Word, Excel and PowerPoint

Qualifications for the Quality Practitioner

• NVQ Level 3 or equivalent in an engineering discipline

Security Clearance
The successful candidate must be a sole UK national who is able to achieve and maintain Security Check (SC) security clearance for this role.

Many of the positions within our company are subject to national security clearance and Trade Control restrictions. This means that your eligibility for certain roles may be affected by your place of birth, nationality, current or former citizenship, and any residency you hold or have held.

What we offer

• Generous holiday allowance
• Contributory Pension scheme, with life assurance
• Employee share scheme
• Employee shopping savings portal
• Payment of Professional Fees
• Reservists in the armed forces receive 10-days special paid leave
• Holiday Trading is a benefit that allows the majority of employees to buy additional leave or to sell up to one working week of annual leave from their annual entitlement
• 'Be Kind Day' enables employees to take one working day's paid leave a year (or equivalent hours) to undertake volunteering work with their chosen organisation or registered charity

Babcock International
For over a century Babcock has helped to defend nations, protect communities and build a better world. To continue, we must adapt, advance and be a sustainable business with a shared goal.
We are a disability confident committed employer. If you have a disability or need any reasonable adjustments during the application and selection stages, please email with the subject header 'Reasonable adjustments requirement'. We're committed to building an inclusive culture where everyone's free to thrive. We are happy to talk about flexible working - please ask about alternative patterns of work at interview.

Closing date: 16/05/2024

#BABDESTNUC

Proud member of the Disability Confident employer scheme

Part of the VolkerWessels UK Group, VolkerStevin is an industry-leading civil engineering business, providing complex and innovative engineering solutions across a wide range of sectors including maritime, flood risk management, defence, energy, water and regeneration. Collaborating with, and drawing on the specialist skills of the group's business units we deliver a truly integrated, multidisciplinary service.

We have a great opportunity for a Quality Manager to work in Plymouth on our 9 Dock project. You will be responsible for ensuring sites and departments are in compliance with company procedures, carry out audits and inspections in line with management system requirements. Whilst providing support to the site teams and the wider business, being an active part of supporting key initiatives and supporting business development and continual improvement.

About you

• Degree in Civil Engineering or other construction discipline.
• Internal Auditor with demonstrable experience of 1st, 2nd, and 3rd party
• Demonstrable site-based civils experience is essential, including heavy civil engineering
• Experience across a range of construction disciplines would be
• Manage LTQR production process and deal with client quality issues.
  
• Applicant will require security clearance and be a British national.
• An understanding of 'sensitive' and OS information would be beneficial.

If your past experience doesn't match perfectly with every requirement of the job description, we still encourage you to apply. You may be just the right candidate for us.

Why work with us?

VolkerStevin is under the umbrella of VolkerWessels UK which is a multidisciplinary contractor that delivers innovative engineering solutions across the civil engineering and construction sectors including rail, highways, airport, marine, energy, water, and environmental infrastructure.

By utilising the specialist skills of each business unit within VolkerWessels UK, VolkerStevin are able to ensure our staff provide unrivalled resources and expertise to our clients.

We offer competitive rewards and benefits, recognising the value we place on our employees.

We offer a range of benefits, including:

• Competitive salary
• Competitive annual leave and an additional day off on your birthday
• Private medical care
• Pension
• Life Assurance
• Cycle to Work scheme
• Shopping and restaurants vouchers, rewards, and discounts
• Training and development opportunities-comprehensive skills-based training
• Family friendly polices including enhanced maternity benefits
• Employee Assistance programme
• Mental health, physical health, and financial support
• 24/7 Virtual GP service

Fairness, inclusion and respect

We believe in pushing boundaries in the pursuit of fairness, inclusion and respect. So, our teams can be comfortable that, whatever their background, VolkerWessels UK is a place where they can be themselves and thrive.

If you need support with your application, please contact us at

Additional information

Note for Recruitment Agencies:

Our preference is to hire directly, and we will reach out to our Preferred Supplier List (PSL) agencies if this particular role qualifies for release.

We kindly request that you refrain from sending speculative CVs. In the event of speculative CV submissions, no fees will be applicable, and we kindly ask that all inquiries to be directed

VolkerWessels UK is committed to maintaining healthy, safe and productive working conditions for its entire staff and therefore a drugs & alcohol screening is mandatory for all.